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Weekly Disease Information

Vol. 23 - No. 13, 1 Apr, 2010

• 29/03/2010: Rift Valley fever, South Africa, (Follow-up report No. 4)
• 29/03/2010: Rabies, Palestinian Auton. Territories, (Follow-up report No. 1)
• 28/03/2010: Highly pathogenic avian influenza, Nepal, (Follow-up report No. 2)
• 26/03/2010: Bluetongue, United Kingdom, (Follow-up report No. 67)
• 26/03/2010: Infectious salmon anaemia, United Kingdom, (Follow-up report No. 50)
• 26/03/2010: Equine infectious anaemia, United Kingdom, (Follow-up report No. 6)
• 26/03/2010: Contagious equine metritis, United Kingdom, (Follow-up report No. 3)
• 26/03/2010: Varroosis of honey bees, Madagascar, (Follow-up report No. 2)
• 26/03/2010: Classical swine fever, Russia, (Follow-up report No. 2)
• 26/03/2010: Contagious equine metritis, United Kingdom, (Follow-up report No. 1)
• 26/03/2010: Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, Switzerland, (Follow-up report No. 1)

Happy new year 1389

سال نو مبارک باد

Livebearing Fish(from About.com)

Of all known species of fish only about 1% of all fish are viviparous, or livebearing. Yet despite their relatively low numbers, the livebearing species have been a staple in the aquarium industry since it's beginning.

Livebearers include some of the most common as well as uncommon fish found in the trade today. Anableps, Goodeides, Guppies, Halfbeaks, Mollies, Mosquito Fish, Platies, and Swordtails, are some of the richly varied livebearing species available to fishkeepers. On the other end of the spectrum is one of the most unusual and ancient fish species in existence today. The Coelacanth ("see-la-kanth"), once thought extinct for four hundred million years, has been found very much alive off the coast of Africa.

Whether ancient or common, all share a common trait - they bear well developed live young. The fact that they bear live young isn't the only reason aquarium enthusiasts find them so desirable. They are also prized for their hardiness, their ability to adapt to a variety of habitats, and for their attractive coloration.

Habitat
Although requirements vary somewhat by species, in general livebearers favor moderately hard, slightly alkaline water (pH of slightly above 7). Because tap water usually fits those parameters, it is relatively easy for most fish owners to provide a suitable habitat for them. They also tolerate a fairly wide range of temperatures, from the upper sixties to the low eighties.

The addition of a tablespoon of aquarium salt per five gallons of water is recommended for most livebearing species. Although peaceful, livebearers should only be included in community tanks if kept with fish that thrive in similar water conditions.

Diet
Livebearers are easy to feed, readily accepting everything from flake to live foods. Because they tend to be grazers, frequent small feedings are preferable to infrequent large feedings. Vegetable matter is a cornerstone in the diet of most livebearers, particularly for mollies. Spirulina added to the diet will help keep them from eating any live plants you have in the aquarium.

Breeding
As their name aptly expresses, livebearers give birth to live young rather than laying eggs. They are easily bred, requiring very few special accommodations. Keeping several females for each male is advisable, as persistent courtship by the male can be stressful if there is only a single female.

It is easy to determine the sex of most livebearers by noting the differences in the anal fin. The female has a fan shaped anal fin, while the male has a rod shaped anal fin (see photos above in the right hand column). The modified anal fin in the male is known as the gonopodium, and is used to inseminate the female. Females are able to store sperm cells from the male, and can produce several broods of young from a single insemination. The gestational period is about four weeks for most livebearing species.

If the adults are hungry, and adequate hiding places are not available for the young, they will consume the fry. Providing plenty of plants, particularly dense floating plants, will ensure that at least some of the fry will survive to adulthood. Artemia, commercial fry foods or finely ground flake foods are all suitable for feeding the fry.

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Happy new year(image from IVIS)

Upcoming Meetings

Annual Meeting of the Italian Association of Equine Veterinarians - SIVE - Jan. 29-31, 2010 - Marina di Carrara, Carrara, Italy. The Annual Meeting of the SIVE has developed into a truly international meeting with English as the official language. International attendance is increasing and equine practitioners throughout Europe are encouraged to attend the meeting and enjoy the State-of-the-Art lectures presented by internationally recognized experts. Click here for more information. View the past proceedings of SIVE.

Voorjaarsdagen - European Veterinary Conference - Apr. 22-24, 2010 - Amsterdam, Netherlands. Abstract and Poster Submission Deadline: January 15, 2010. Next year's Voorjaarsdagen theme will be "Management" in the most extended veterinary way. The theme "management" is not only chosen cause the future veterinary practice can't exist without, but also because there is no other theme to cover all our cutting edge and advanced programme topics of 2010 offering practical information that can be taken directly back for use in one's day-to-day practice. For more information, click here. To view the past proceedings of EVC available in IVIS, click here.

International Pig Veterinary Society Congress - IPVS. Jul. 18-21, 2010 - Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The theme of IPVS 2010 is Sharing Ideas - Advancing Pig Health. This 21st IPVS Congress will build on the successes of previous IPVS Congresses while maintaining the flexibility to provide current and future opportunities for swine veterinarians and researchers globally. The Organizing Committee is arranging a scientific program that incorporates the latest information on new and old diseases, pig production, nutrition, reproduction, food safety, animal welfare, antimicrobial resistance and many other contemporary and emerging topics. While addressing these topics, the congress will also focus on providing solutions to emerging diseases, and the most significant challenges facing the swine industry. We invite each and every one of our colleagues worldwide to join us! Click here for more information. View the past proceedings of IPVS.

H1N1 (Swine) Flu Confirmed in Iowa Cat

H1N1 (Swine) Flu Confirmed in Iowa Cat

The Iowa Department of Public Health reported that a cat became ill with H1N1 virus after 3 members of the family became ill with influenza-like symptoms on November 4, 2009. Disease specialists are unsure at this time if this is an isolated case or the start of something new.

Either way, it is important not to panic - washing hands, covering coughs, isolating sick individuals, and visiting the doctor if you are sick are your best defenses against the flu.

Upcoming Meetings

First European Buiatrics Forum - Dec. 1-3, 2009 - Marseille, France. This meeting on Bovine Medicine, with a European audience, will gather experts, practitioners and representatives of the pharmaceutical industry. It will take place every other year with a mission to provide a European Forum for all the Buiatrics experts. The Pharo Palace, will be the setting of all the scientific communications as well as the commercial exhibition. Discover or come back to Provence and Marseille, its old harbour under the protection of the Basilica "Notre Dame de la Garde", its "calanques" (rocky creeks of international fame), and the very famous "bouillabaisse"! Come and plan an active role within the European Buiatrics Forum! Click here for more information.

11th Congress on Equine Medicine and Surgery Geneva - Respiratory System - Dec. 15-17, 2009 - Geneva, Switzerland. The congress in Geneva has become one of the major events for equine practitioners in Europe and is now a well established biennial tradition in December. The theme this year is Respiratory System. On-line registration is now open! For more information, click here. To view the past proceedings of CMCE available in IVIS, click here.

Annual Meeting of the Italian Association of Equine Veterinarians - SIVE - Jan. 29-31, 2010 - Marina di Carrara, Carrara, Italy. The Annual Meeting of the SIVE has developed into a truly international meeting with English as the official language. International attendance is increasing and equine practitioners throughout Europe are encouraged to attend the meeting and enjoy the State-of-the-Art lectures presented by internationally recognized experts. Click here for more information. View the past proceedings of SIVE.

Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners - AAEP. Dec 5 - 9, 2009 - Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. Mark your calendars and start making plans now to join us in the City of Lights, Las Vegas, Nev., for the AAEP's 55th Annual Convention, Dec. 5-9. Taking place at the fabulous Mandalay Bay Hotel and Casino this meeting promises to be the CE event of the year. The AAEP Annual Convention consistently offers the best information for equine practitioners and this year is no exception. The venue will offer great entertainment and plans made early will allow you to take advantage of some great savings. Click here for more information. View the past proceedings of AAEP.